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Did you know that Peter Jackson before performing the Seigneurdes rings was a filmmaker at a very low budget gore? (See forexample " Braindead" or "Bad Taste" ...) Autrefilm well suited to our topic of the day: "Sweeney Todd the diaboliquebarbier of Fleet Street" by Tim Burton. And what about the series Dexter , where the main character is an expert analysis of bloodstains etégalement a serial killer. You guessed it, our topic today is the blood. Star of horror films, its bright red color makes enalerte our senses, and just to look the most sensitive (C'estd'ailleurs why the Orcs have black blood and not red in the Lord of the Rings : éviteainsi we ban the movie at least 12 years ...). But what is due cettecouleur so intense? And why not oxygenated blood veins is represented iltoujours darker or bluer than oxygenated blood desartères?

blood with hemoglobin

What's the blood? Well mission centrifugal blood there are three fractions: plasma rather yellow is the liquid portion of blood, it is 55% of whole blood, platelets and white lesglobules (less than 1%) and finally the famous globulesrouges called erythrocytes in humans that correspond to 45% of total volume (PCV s'appelleégalement This percentage, an analysis blood).

These RBCs give blood its red color, this sontdes cells without nuclei and organelles practically, they contain a single protein pourl'essentiel: the famous hemoglobin . These sacsd'hémoglobine mission is to carry oxygen Entire organismegrâce this protein with remarkable properties (I'm sure all fans of the animated fameuxdessin " Once upon a time ... Life " remember).

[ RBCs in microscopieélectronique scanning (false color) and in the cartoon "Once upon a time ... Life "(Albert Barillé - 1987) .]

The structure of hemoglobin

The protein is composed of protein subunits 4sous, globins: two andtwo α β, each sub subunit is linked to groupof non-protein, heme, hence the name: "hemoglobin". This contains a heme iron atom which may seli with the oxygen molecule. Each million moléculesd'hémoglobine a red blood cell can carry 4 molecules dioxygène.L space reserved for oxygen, is not used to transport ledioxyde carbon (CO 2 ), cons by carbon monoxide (CO) is small enough to be fixed classical rayleigh quasi-irreversible at this site. As the place of O 2 is taken, lemanque oxygen soon becomes apparent even at low concentrations of CO ... This is the origin of carbon monoxide poisoning often linked to other boilers and stoves Devieux evil resolved.

[ Haemoglobin: a protein quaternary àstructure, that is to say composed of subunits. (2 α and 2 β) ]

A color variable according degréd'oxygénation.

In the absence of O 2 attached to hemoglobin, the iron atom II (ferrous) linked by a weak bond to an amino acid (histidine) is offset from the plane of the heme. It exceeds like it was drawn on the side by his association with histidine. Moreover, the distribution of electrons around the nucleus that the overall diameter of the atom is important. We're talking high-spin configuration. Conversely, when the oxygen binds to the iron atom on the side opposite to that of histidine, it takes a perfectly centered position relative to the plane of the heme, and its diameter is reduced: this is called configuration low spin. Cettesimple difference between the configuration and high spin low spin and the changes that accompany it, are sufficient to créerune significant difference in the absorption spectrum of the molecule, autrementdit, color. And oxyhemoglobin absorbs much less lescouleurs wave red (approx. 660nm) than deoxyhemoglobin, which therefore appears moinsrouge. Its appearance is duller, closer to the blue, and that is the reason decet conventional representation of non-oxygenated blood in blue and red sangoxygéné.

Above:

[A left : configuration and position of the iron atom in the plane of the heme in the case of oxygen. and deoxyhemoglobin.

A right : The absorption spectrum of oxygenated and non del'hémoglobine peroxide, measured at a TP physiologieanimale L3 (UPPA) . Deoxyhemoglobin (blue) absorbed much less in the red (660nm) and oxyhemoglobin (red).]

Hemoglobin, pigmentrespiratoire qualified because of his color, is not the only molecule to ensure cettefonction carrier O 2 in the animal world. In crustaceans and molluscs ouch, we find the hemocyanin, which has two atoms decuivre. The oxidized copper atom then gives a blue-green blood. Sansdoute orcs from Lord of the Rings did they also hémoglobinespécifique that does not use the iron ... I propose manganese, originally "tendencies black colorants.

To end on a note less trivial sachezque hemoglobin is an outstanding tool in molecular phylogeny lesgnathostomes (vertebrates with a jaw).

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Reflection before the crib

Like the child from the nursery because I love life and children, but I do not believe in stories that are told about it. I think he was a man born to an unwed mother pregnant with a Roman legionnaire and collected by a brave man who married her, thus preventing it from being stoned. But her child had a special destiny, feel a bit: sure he had the task of reforming Israel, he was crucified for political reasons. His death then gave birth to a legend and a new religion that was to change the world.

matter that my story is not that the letter of dogma, the important thing is the spirit that is fermented in the Christian dough, and never mind the so-called Christian institutions! The story of Jesus can be revisited and renewed institutions, most of life is the promise made by the child that makes me a Christian because I love life.

Yes I am a Christian because I believe in eternal life and all the promises of earthly life. Before that child from the nursery I marvel, as the ass that I'm probably like beef or merely that I may be, unless I am the magician who has followed the star and sees beyond the horizon? Who am I? I do not know, except that I am a man who loves life body and soul, and who constantly gives thanks to God for this blessing of being and loving.

I am also a father who loves his child (I had five) and the wife who loves Mary, but every woman I honor both the vestal virgin Venus-Aphrodite, how to love life as if we do not sanctify human love? I do not fear death is that way, but I fear the evil, evil physical and especially moral evil.

Yes I am a Christian because it is through the promise of this child that I go to Him, Father I pray that through this Our Father taught by the child of the manger, Jesus ignored this but was, no doubt of the messenger of Life, the Son of the Father, but we all are.

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The tragic Christmas Easter passion of Iraqi Christians

According to UNHCR thousands of Christians fleeing the central Iraq to seek refuge in Kurdistan or abroad. We have lost count now that half a million Christians in Iraq cons 800 000 to 1.2 million in 2003. In Strasbourg

three bishops from Iraq seeking help were received by the archbishop of Strasbourg. Faced with radical Islam the situation of Christians is becoming increasingly untenable. The three bishops were meeting in Strasbourg, European Parliament President and the heads Council of Europe.

Caritas and Catholic Relief Services were awarded to the three bishops donate money to help their followers. On the occasion of this meeting was an Our Father said in Aramaic, the language of Christ is still spoken in some churches in Iraq but for how long?

the approach of a tragic Christmas for Christians in Iraq can not remain silent on the ongoing tragedy, let us pray! help with our donations! especially breaking the silence of a guilty conscience!

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It was once on the road to Santiago, footnote 9

villages and medieval times ... Lauzerte dog, Moissac, St Anthony, Lectoure Condom.

Exhausted by sweltering heat and heavy and the long march of the stage, my fellow Canadians do not follow me when I decide to sleep Lauzerte medieval village perched on a hill. I therefore abandoned mobile homes in a campsite at the foot of the hill and after a last effort I sit all alone in the Principalities cottage situated in a beautiful old house overlooking the plain. With a square surrounded by arcades, Lauzerte worth a stop and then I relax at a sidewalk cafe under the arcades. The evening the storm broke and I enjoy a magical show from the window of the house. The heat wave ends in a deluge of water. The problem is it still raining the morning, then all day, so this is tempered in the evening I arrived in Moissac. Fortunately, the guesthouse located in a former Carmelite convent is very comfortable and even offers to pilgrims dryers. So dry and after a last look at the famous facade of the church of Moissac that I take the road under heavy showers and gusting winds. I admire the beautiful architecture of the granary of Auvillers and I step to St Anthony, a former hospice pilgrims whose church is marked by architectural influences Mozarabic, we feel that Spain is approaching.
I discover Gascony region I do not know. Now I walk along the canal side of the Garonne, the weather is bad and I reach Lectoure by road, the trail being turned to mud. I guess then what the progress of medieval pilgrims who often walked barefoot. In a village called Miradoux, the baker gives me a yogurt with bread and asks me in return to pray for him to Compostela. He is a former steelworker Longwy converted back to the bakery and seeking peace. I promise to pray for him and resume my journey under the gray sky. I also pray for Andre and Jean-Yves, two friends with cancer (they still live on Christmas Eve 2010). That was in 2003 and one had cancer of the pancreas and one from lymphoma. I also pray for my little Bertrand and evening to learn that he will step better. Lectoure after the weather becomes warmer, but I remain on the county to avoid the mud. My fellow Canadians have disappeared under the downpour, I walk alone for three days, but I found both Condom Norwegian with whom I partied in Cahors wine in the company of trappers québécois.Le gîte Condom is located in a former College of Oratory, it offers stunning architecture and nostalgia of an old-time education. On the doors of the old classrooms it says "math" or "rhetoric". I guess the students lined up in silence before classes in school time when the word still had meaning ... Condom is a charming city and has a museum condom ... as it should. I appreciate the humor of the little city councilors who built this museum no doubt interesting, but as for me I prefer to collect myself in the cathedral and immerse myself in beauty and peace before going to sleep in the memories of old college.

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Prayer and compassion with the Christians of Iraq

On 11 December will take place in Paris, St Roch church one evening tribute to the Christians of Iraq and to all victims of the Iraq conflict.

180 singers from France and Belgium will sing the Passion According to St. John Written by Brother Andrew Gouzes.

This concert-or rather this prayer will be under the honorary presidency of Archbishop Sako, archbishop of Kirkuk in Iraq.

Saturday, December 11th at 8:30 p.m. in the church of St Roch in Paris, 296 Rue St Honore in the first arrondissement Métro Tuileries Pyramids. Free admission, vo us can light a candle at home on December 11 between 20 hours 30 and 22 hours to unite in prayer.

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Presentation Photo by Dominique Kubler mediumistic

elves, mermaids and other legendary creatures do not exist. Yet they can appear on photos are not rigged and tested. Psychic effect of the thought of the photographer?

For more information visit Friday, December 3, 2010 at space 110 Illzach to 20 hours. Dominique Kubler present its impressive photos of supposedly unreal creatures.

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Chronicle dissection (4 / 4)

These are among the most memorable experience of teaching and often criticized or cited as a trauma, dissections are nonetheless a remarkable observation exercise the many pedagogical virtues. In these four articles entitled "Chronic Dissecting" I will return to the TP of Animal Biology of L2 UPPA.

TP4: Digestive system of white mice.

A biological model must

"This is undoubtedly the mammal in the pluscontribué the progress of science" is what is said about the sourisblanche, Mus musculus in our textbooks. Certainly from my point of view, the mammal which has contributed to science Lepley is Man (we will ignore mickey, minus and mouse cortex and other gifted) ... But still, how expliquerl'incroyable contribution of this rodent before the advent of scienceétait considered a scourge of granaries ...

In fact, this success was because the mouse remplitous criteria for a biological model :

First breeding mouse is economical, with low volume occupied, and a consumption of 5 g of food per day only. More lareproduction is easy and fast with 5 to 15 litters per year, each donnantnaissance a dozen mice or mice parfemelle fifty year! This ability to reproduce rapidly unedurée associated with short life is a strategy r : it's actually a glibness offset by the number one natural mortality (predation, starvation etc..) Important. It contrasts this strategy to the strategy K (long life, large animals, breeding in small numbers).

Other criteria, the mouse is an excellent représentantdes mammals (50% of mammal species are rodents), and with saproximité Man is sufficient for many studies (99% of genes in common). Last, the amount of accumulated knowledge about the species, DELANCE allows virtually any type of study, for example séquençagedu the mouse genome was completed in 2003.)

glands of the digestive tract.

The digestive tract consists of the esophagus and stomach del'intestin, can not alone provide all of the digestion. Enumeration gleanings say annexes complement the device. The liver estla more massive, it secretes bile : This yellowish liquid pH basiqueest rich bile salts whose main role is to favoriserl'absorption and enzymatic digestion of lipids. Bile acts as a detergent faitcomme allowing the formation of small lipid droplets (Emulsion, as in salad dressing) which will act lesenzymes. Bile, produced in continuous talks liver is released into the hepatic duct before joining the gallbladder, sonlieu storage via the cystic duct. When digéréspénètrent food in the gut hormone, cholecystokinin (CCK) lacontraction of the gallbladder. The bile then goes back into lecanal before joining the cystic bile duct that opens dansl'intestin.

Another glands of the gut is the pancreas quilibère pancreatic juice rich in enzymes of all kinds - proteolytic (trypsin, chimotrypsine, carboxypeptidases)-glycolytic (α-amylase), lipolytic (lipase). Mice is a body bounded diffusmal present in the mesentery after the stomach.

Finally spleen purple no digestive role, she is involved in ladestruction formed elements of blood (red blood cells for example), Quedan and immune function.

[The liver up on this This dissection 4-5 unequal lobes, observed in the stomach below the esophagus before (drawn on the left side) and follow the duodenum (first part of the small intestine in the upper right). Most strikingly, the gallbladder orange linked below by the cystic duct to common bile duct which joins the intestine to the right. Finally the diffuse pancreas is pinned down in the stomach with the spleen on the left.]

The qualities of a good drawing

Dissection of the mice presenting no particular difficulty, I'm going to focus this time on the quality criteria dessinscientifique. Firstly this method of representation is intended to make comtede reality, and therefore observations made during dissection, and this sansler idealize. So it's a teaching tool for working Lesens observation and memorization of the observed structures.

To make a good drawing, it must already be large etremplir much of the leaf. The line should be fine and well marked for continuous maissuffisamment delimit the structures. The proportions sontégalement an essential point to be successful we must not hesitate àcomparer size items between them in reality and in the drawing. Uneautre trick is to take data points (length of a pin ...) see measurements with a ruler. Finally it should give a bit of realism for all not just a schema. Thus it will add up to little details, pieces of muscle cut, remains on the gut mesentery etc. . It may also apply where their shade différentséléments texture to properly différentsorganes distinguish between them.

Once the drawing is finished it should be captioned endisposant legends all on the same side with a line return rectilignele finest possible. A title as complete as possible will make the final latouche in the bottom of the drawing.

Thanks to all the students for their contributions to these articles - Good luck for the revisions.

Sources:

• Wikipedia http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus
  http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tube_digestif
• The site of Emmanuelle Van Noppen: Scientific illustrator: http:// www.illustration-animaliere.be/index.php/dessin-scientifique
• Lab Animal Biology - Zoology Embryology Histology, 3rd edition. Andrew Beaumont, Pierre Cassier. Editions Dunod 502p.

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Chronicle dissection (3 / 4)

These are among the experiences the most significant education and often criticized or cited as a trauma, dissections are nonetheless a remarkable observation exercise the many pedagogical virtues. In these four articles entitled "chronic dissection" I shall return to these farm animal biology L2 UPPA.

TP3: The Green Frog.

pre-copulatory Guarding and sexual dimorphism.

The kind of day is the green frog, Rana esculenta is the most common frog in France. It occurs often àproximité ponds and shallow shorelines of ponds, they rarely nequittent unlike many other amphibians quimènent most terrestrial life.

Rapid morphological study allows to évidenceun sexual dimorphism more or less marked. In addition to size (the male is smaller than the female souventplus), a first character is the presence of vocal sacs behind Labouche that allow strong voice and capable of varied plusbelle upset the female frogs!
Once the beautiful charmed the male will userd his second secondary sexual character: rough callus del'index (only 4 fingers on the front, the thumb being dropped) permettantde him cling to his back rolling Annual partner. It goes well resteraccroché on the back of the female ( amplexus pictured right) until it Ponde unchapelet oocytes generally tangled in the water around the shoreline plants. Fertilization is external and that's sure to be the one to fertilize the eggs that the female mâles'agrippe. This is a pre-copulatory guarding Exampleof (mate-guarding), a key step that corresponds to lareproduction a form of sexual selection. Indeed seretrouvent males compete for access to females and the most fruitful lesplus close to spawning. Vice versa for a female copulatory gardiennagepré-long is a guarantee of quality male and therefore a deselection form (in addition to singing).

[The vocal sacs (left) and the callus on the finger No. 2 (right) males. The callus is observed that during dereproduction, coloring may also vary greatly.

Opening of the oral cavity

One difficulty of the dissection is enl'ouverture of the oral cavity in order to separate the digestive tract etaériennes. To complete this stage it is first necessary to bienprendre his bearings, then describe the oral cavity. The floor of the mouth secaractérise especially by a forked tongue very sticky. At rest this langueattaché front of the mouth is folded back, but it is projected volontiersvers forward (pro-tractile) to capture a beautiful dragonfly. In the male onobserve holes of vocal sacs. At the very bottom floor of the mouth in régioncentrale, glottis forms a longitudinal slot, which opens on lelarynx, quidonne access to the lungs (airways). The maximum oral entouréd'une toothed jaw includes choanae (internal orifice of the nostrils), desdents vormériennes, and finally the holes Eustachian tubes, which are communiquercavité oral and middle ear. Finally, between these two parties, Lepharynx, comes in the form of a very large hole transverse quiprécède the esophagus (digestive tract).

Once tracking is accomplished, we must first identify lespoumons well, separating them without damaging them too lobe of the liver, then del ' esophagus so as to keep them with your fingers folded on leplancher mouth.

should then with scissors strong cut mâchoired'un side, then so trèsprogressive few mm each time, cutting the floor of the mouth and pharynx laglotte between the scissors (do not hesitate to descend to the bottom beyond the mouth, well below the glottis). Of course, laglotte and lungs should remain attached to the floor of the mouth and ladissection! It convientensuite not complete the cut to close the floor of the mouth on Lecot.

[And here's the result: floor of mouth with the left lung,
Oral and ceiling right with the esophagus. ]

The art of pinning

To submit a dissection, a point estessentiel: pinning! Lesépingles head should always be arranged in very oblique to nepas restricts movement, and the inclination should always be versl'extérieur dissection. In this way the tissues are pinned mieuxmaintenu (a bit like sardines in a tent). Lesépingles more then a star arrangement around which the dissection nemasque not the view.

Pinning of the intestine in the frog is a redoutableexercice. It is indeed the place and pin it to sanspour As much tear the mesentery that attaches to the gut cavitégénérale. Some tips for success:

1. Unwind with your fingers and observe a very courteportion of the intestine (1 cm) without tearing the mesentery. We do not do ensuiteque this portion, the course is progressive!
2. Form a loop on that portion encontournant place a pin which supports. This pin will not crash, it just serves to fold the intestine to make it describe the ontveut loops (which are not natural curls).
3. Finish pinning the loop a little arrièrede the first hairpin, the end loops, therefore, measure 0.5 cm environet touch each other.

last trick, a small black paper placed here where làpourra highlight structures and constitutes the clearest unebonne aid to observation.

And here as usual the poster of the dissection completed. The next and last column announcement: the mouse.

Sources:

• Wikipedia Rana esculenta
  Sexual selection
• site DORIS: http://doris.ffessm.fr/
• Lab Animal Biology - Zoology Embryology Histology, 3rd edition. Andrew Beaumont, Pierre Cassier. Editions Dunod 502p.

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Celebration Church

The Church is not that the church of Rome, but all the churches that recognize Jesus as the mark of God in human history and teach the gospel. Among these churches are the Church, one of which is dear to the Celts and is the root of France, I called the Gallican church, faithful to the oldest tradition and yet open to modernity. His priests may marry, for example. To find the church in Alsace, appointment Saturday, November 13, 2010 in the Lutheran Church of Wolfisheim to 18 hours, on the occasion of the feast of St. Alphonsa of Gazinet.

Mission Gallican Alsace: Father Raphael Steck, 9 rue de Colmar 67118 GEPOLSHEIM station.

Tel: 03 69 22 61 01. Email: raphaelsteck@gallican.org

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Gallican Holy Family and other .... It

A Compostela Holy Father has rightly highlighted the dangers facing a de-Christianized Europe, but in Barcelona in sanctifying the horrors of Gaudi, and facing the homosexual provocation, he failed to consider the responsibility of the church in that de-Christianization.





The Catholic Church is the glorification of the traditional family model, but is embroiled in sex scandals which discredit morally. So it must first put its own house and assume sexuality human. Without endorsing the protests of homosexuals at the consecration of the Basilica of the Sagrada Familia, a Catholic must ask the question of the relation of Catholicism to sexuality. This is not just about reproduction, but is also central to the affect and the human is a religion of love can not ignore.



Let's face it, Christians must put the spirit of Christianity before the letter of the law defined by the Vatican in the name of God. Without denying the Church's norm of the traditional family, human love, even unconventional, is a pale reflection of divine Love. Accept the sick and wounded of human love, ie divorced, gays and prostitutes, and welcome them in brotherly love, would be for the Catholic church (and others) do a great act of humility and wash the suspicion of hypocrisy. In other words, offer the traditional norm can not be bound nor, to the sacramental punishment or to exclude the service of God. To think otherwise is to bring Christianity among the religions of camel unevolved, which Islam is the version most obscurantist. Reintegrate the deviant (which I am as a divorced) in the Christian community would be the first step to re-evangelize Europe and bring into light the many Muslims who seek to reconcile their faith with modernity. Faced with a church welcoming and modern Islam itself would be called on to change to accommodate the light along its own modernity, as able to do Judaism.



course reaffirm the normative character of the traditional family is absolutely necessary, but we must also know that there are real families founded by divorced and deviants. May the Holy Spirit enlighten the Holy Father on the subject! He will then spend really the Church of the Holy Family Barcelona tours of which are at present incomplete. A symbol that the Holy Father should meditate. The Holy Family is complete a few members today rejected.

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Once upon a time the Pope

The pilgrim that I greet the Holy Father in his pilgrimage to Santiago is a strong signal in this time of de-Christianization and the rise of Islam. Let us recall that the pilgrimage to St Jacques de Compostella pilgrimage was long a célébrans the Matamoros St Jacques, St Jacques ie, the Killer of Moors who saved Spain's Islamization. Political correctness has also prohibits either burned symbolically a mosque board in St Jacques de Compostela, July 25 day of St. Jacques.

Why dwell on these memories of old times? But because they are topical. Like it or not, Christianity and Islam s'affontent again, but in the world now. For proof, just open the newspaper.

course it's not a crusade against the jihad of Al Qaeda, but it's about being aware of the attack to respond with our eyes but in a spirit openness and dialogue.

The wrong answer is to raise the banner of secularism and not to assert the identity of the Judeo-Christian foundations of European civilization. Any setback cultural, religious and any vacuum immediately offset by the rise of Islam, dynamic religion that does not recionnait secularism but use it to undermine Christianity in Europe.Chaque time activists of Islam are taken off a cross in a public space, it is neither secularism nor tolerance that win, but Islamic fundamentalism. Preaching against the abandonment of the Christian faith in Europe, the Pope warns against the religious vacuum that may ensue and which only benefit Islam. Such is the substance of the matter, although not politically correct to the Holy Father and to express it.

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Ondines Compostela, elves, goblins and company

If you visit the Isle of Man between England and Ireland, perhaps you will encounter 'the little people', the little people of elves and other nature spirits that are said they inhabit certain places. Student in England in 1958, I remember crossing a stream on the island of Man on a small bridge with a bearded native said with a straight face not to mention not to disturb the little people, which he , lived under the bridge.

Much later in Iceland this time (2006 I think) I met other people who have pointed out an area inhabited by the little people of elves and other mythical creatures.

Why dwell on these creatures that exist only in the imagination?. May be because our imagination may be able to give them life. The proof of the remarkable pictures of mermaids performed by Dominique Kubler, photos that I made and tested by a specialist that are not rigged. A plausible explanation, these are photos mediumistic brain Dominique Kubler impresses the operation of the digital camera inexplicably. To those interested I suggest to visit the site of Dominique Kubler
http://www.ondine.fr.gd/

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Chronicle dissection (2 / 4)

These are among the most memorable experience of teaching and often criticized or cited as a trauma, dissections n ' sontpas least in a remarkable year of observation. In these four articles entitled "chronic dissection" I shall return to these TP biologieanimale of L2 UPPA.

TP2: Mackerel

Parasitism galore!

For the second we spend in the TP group vertébrésavec the mackerel, pelagic (open sea) relatively common quifait subject to industrial fishing. The operation to oily fish (richeen omega3, vitamins A and B) is of course bound for Male, maiségalement salmon farms. Knowing that it takes 6kg of fish to "do" 1kg of salmon, and someone dies of hunger every les4 seconds in the world ... looking for the error!

That said, people and natural predators of mackerel are pale to operate only as a resource! Thus we find in the cavitégénérale, many parasitic worms from a few millimeters long, rolled circles ende small yellow or white opaque or sometimes forming cysts. Examples include the type Anisakis , a small nematode worm, which can provoke a strong immune response when consumed with Lachaire raw fish.

But these pests are nothing compared to that found in oral lacavité a mackerel (photo). This is a c rustacé isopod (all legs are identical) as woodlouse) of the family Cymothoidae dequelques centimeters long. For accurate identification, the group DORIS : Data Observations forthe Recognition and Identification of fauna and flora Underwater , Concluded that these Ceratothoa oestroides (Thanks to Benjamin Guichard, veterinary specialist fish diseases, and Jean-Paul Trilles, Professor of certain crustaceans).

Ceratothoa oestroides

[The oral cavity of the mackerel, and the crustacean parasite observed Ceratothoa oestroides : length about 3 cm ( More photos ). This parasite "may be a problem for farming Mediterranean bass and sea bream, not so much by the oral lesions that it causes because it prevents the fish from eating normally" indicates B. Guichard. ]

The lateral line or touch remote

The mackerel moves compact schools (Photo of introduction) and one can wonder about cettecapacité to perform synchronized movements at high speed sansqu'aucune collision occurs. The secret lies in the lateral line sensory that we observe little Lapart side upper body of the animal. It's actually unesuccession of mechano-receptors ouneuromastes. When the water pressure increases on the neuromast hair cells it contains move and transmit the signal auxdendrites ganglion neurons. These neuromasts are situated either directly outside, soitenfermés in a canal (the canal side of the line) that allows protectionof receptors and signal amplification.

This system is sensitive to lateral movements eauenvironnants thereby balancing swimming, collecting spent traveling speed or to sense an obstacle or a predator coming. In addition detected lateral line would also be involved in the perception of bassesfréquences, although we can not really speak for the hearing. So what fish see the heavy on the shore of a sinner. Finally ladécouverte magnetite Fe 2 O 4 in the system side of salmon, suggesting that organepourrait be involved in the perception of magnetic fields and terrestrepermettant migrating fish to locate in the vastness of the ocean.
It is noted that this system is perfectly adapted to aquatic life, takes advantage of the density of the aqueous medium. Unlike terrestrial organisms develop hearing, the air is less dense is more conducive to transmission of vibration.

WEBISODES techniques ...
In addition to the conduct of the intestine very fragile, dissectionprésente few things a bit tricky to release the liver and vésiculebiliaire attached to it, the body cavity. Thus after removing lanageoire chest and spleen, cut two straps that connect to the wall GALL BLADDER dorsal blood vessel and dumésentère. Until these links are present gallbladder forms a angledroit before reaching the liver, once cut, the gallbladder is more reliéeque by the cystic duct to the liver.

For the liver Things are complicated a little, not only this organeest fragile but increasingly it is attached in front by a large blood vessel: the hepatic vein. This vein is difficult to observe Karelia is deep and covered in part by the liver. Then we have lasectionner, mostly by guessing its location with a pair of pince.Une after cutting a large amount of blood flows and liver estlibre, attached only to the gut by the bile duct and pyloric caeca with desadhérences .

Russian Dolls

A final observation can be made at the end dedissection, to better understand the diet cespoissons, it is to incise the stomach to watch the content. Laplupart time mackerel feed on zooplankton but dereproduction period, from March to July, it becomes predatory fish and hunt depetite size as sardines or anchovies. Observed in the record of 6 TPest sardines (well digested) in one stomach. In some cases, the fish eaten whole (as they measure more than 5 cm long), sontencore in relatively good condition (see photo) giving then a Russian doll ... étrangeimpression dissection could she hide uneautre?!

[Stomach contents of mackerel: 3 sardines in a state of digestion + / - advanced]

[ The dissection ended]

Sources:

• Wikipedia http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maquereau_commun
  and http://fr.wikipedia .org / wiki / Anisakis
• site DORIS: http://doris.ffessm.fr/
• For the lateral system: Animal Biology, Lescordés: Comparative anatomy of vertebrates. 9th edition. Andrew Beaumont, Pierre Cassier. Editions Dunod 653p.

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