If I was a little less scientific etsi I mastered a little over the art of words, I'd certainly most interesting aspect of philosophy. I now regret having étéplus attentive to what my professeurlors of my senior year. But! Thanks be to plasticitécérébrale, it is never too late to open up new areas etl'épistémologie and philosophy of science are part of the latter. So it is as a novice enphilosophie and I want to talk about the problem of teleology! Finalism cons mechanism .
Finalism is the idea that there is a culmination, an end UNIVERSE and all the phenomena that occur there, conduisentinéluctablement towards this end. Cesena In the idea of purposefulness is a priori inseparable from belief in a Dieu.Pour take one example: the wing has been created for the flight.
This idea of purposefulness auprincipe opposes the mechanism for which every phenomenon has a cause and the cause luiest own necessarily precedes the phenomenon. Pourreprendre the previous example we can say that it the wing that allows the flight.
Before the implacable logic of this reasoning, the finalists suggests that the end is the ultimate in performance but initial enintention ("Gone is prima in intentioned ultima inexecutione" said Aristotle ) : if the wings can theft because qu'ellesont been designed for this: it is more or less of the intelligent design ... An idea that dates back to Aristotle finally!
[ Plato, left, with gaily currency his disciple Aristotle, right, in the corridors of the school - or Peripatetic school, which takes its name from the Greek term peripatein "walk". The legend says that Aristotle taught at the Lycée while walking. Table: The School of Athens - Raphael, c. 1510 ]
Generally the penséescientifique would be rigorously mechanistic and therefore seeks the causes of each phenomenon andTHE mechanisms. Thus the theory of evolution ENBLOC excluded, and it is right to make any idea of a definalisme development or in evolution.
Finalism and the idea of an end ...
That said, referring finalism égalementà the idea of an end in the direction of termination. And here I would like réfléchirau theoretical concept of an end of biological evolution.
Fukuyama considers the idea of an end del'Histoire, stating that the admission of more and more of a wide modèledémocratique, a voice of reason, should logically lead to an end del'Histoire is to say the lack of major historical event suchas wars for example. This is a somewhat utopian, but despite toutassez attractive. We can also imagine that the acceleration of trade, globalization and the establishment of regulatory systems, in addition Deplus reagents should facilitate the end of history, this gain in stability. For me this concept should be considered withinthe context of game theory: there is an optimal solution, logical, "mathematics" to all problems. If the optimal solution (or not) is known it should logically win. (See article on the Prisoner's Dilemma )
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: the evolution finde?
But back to my idea: Modeled on the end of history, can there be an end àl'évolution theoretically?
For such purpose it is done "enough" to maintain constant frequency allele in termeplus simple it is necessary that the "genetic content" in this population does not nevarient from one generation to another. The mathematical approach to this problem was the British mathematician envisagéepar G odfrey H. Hardy (pictured below) and independently by German lephysicien Wilhelm Weinberg in 1908: the famous Hardy-Weinberg law.
What are the requirements for applicationof the law?
People must first be infinitely detailed, to avoid drift Genetic and migration flows are zero. Lareproduction must be done randomly: the panmixia (onconsidère a diploid species). There is no mutation or selection lapopulation considered.
If all these conditions are réaliséesalors allele frequency does not change from one generation to another. In other words, there is no evolution! The conclusion that biological evolution has unefin, there is not that I will not cross.
However, if the conditions Hardy-Weinberg del'équilibre are utopian, but can you imagine quel'Homme is close enough by its technological capabilities fold to statistically this balance? (I emphasize pointd'interrogation). Indeed medicine makes selection naturellenégligeable, demography and transport capacity to the limit échellemondiale genetic drift. etc. Considering conclusion, under current conditions the speed of evolution of human lapopulation is negligible (and yes the Man of the future is not tomorrow!). Wikipedia also has a concrete example of populationde butterflies Callimorpha responding statistically (via a test χ 2 ) to the Hardy-Weinberg.
Conclusion:
A novel anticipationpourrait quite imagine, after a biodiversity crisis caused parl'Homme example, that a small number of species on Earth desniches occupy the entire ecological balance and meet the Hardy-Weinberg. It auraitalors an end to the evolution here ... I ended my pseudo-philosophical delusion that I invite you to feed, or criticize as you see fit! For my part, I have set my frustration quelquesorte philosophical for a while at least. Assurémentce but not my only frustration and jeregrette also not be more handy. The concept of "bricolageévolutif" dear to SJ Gould and F. Jacob opposes teleology vousattend so in a future article!
Until then happy new year to all.
Links Wikipedia:
Thanks to J. Reigner for this article.
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